广西栗木花岗岩岩浆气—液分异作用与成矿作用          下载免费PDF全文

梁磊  张玲  颜自给  董业才 《地质论评》2017,63(1):61-74

广西栗木花岗岩是华南地区具有代表性的含锡、钨、钽、铌矿的稀有金属花岗岩,发育一些紧密共生但结构有明显差异的岩石。在岩相学研究的基础上,运用热动力学原理对这些特殊地质现象进行成因分析以了解相应的岩浆演化过程,得出的结论构成了岩浆演化的动态证据链并相互印证,且与热动力学方程检验结论相吻合。研究结果表明,气—液分异是稀有金属花岗岩最重要的成岩与成矿作用机制。当富水岩浆上升侵位时,岩浆发生大规模的气—液分异作用,形成新的熔体相和大量夹带气相的气泡。新的熔体相因饱和水压尸(H_2O)的突然降低而过冷却结晶形成斑状结构岩石,气泡则上升迁移至不同部位,随后破裂再次发生气—液分异形成残余气流体和残余熔体相。残余气流体进一步交代先结晶的斑状结构岩石形成蚀变带花岗岩,或者结晶形成伟晶岩。残余气流体还是金属成矿元素迁移的主要载体,岩体内带的蚀变花岗岩型锡铌钽矿的成矿作用主要与残余气流体对花岗岩的自交代作用有关,而岩体顶上带的岩脉型钨锡矿的成矿作用主要与残余气流体在围岩裂隙中的结晶作用有关。  相似文献   

青海南山构造带西段黑马河花岗杂岩体锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学特征及其地质意义   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

张永明  裴先治  李佐臣  李瑞保  刘成军  裴磊  陈有炘  陈国超  王盟 《地质论评》2017,63(4):1079-1101

本文对青海南山构造带西段黑马河花岗杂岩体中的石英闪长岩和花岗闪长岩以及花岗闪长岩中的暗色微粒包体进行了详细的岩石学、岩石地球化学和LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学研究。结果表明,花岗闪长岩及暗色微粒包体的结晶年龄分别为244.4±1.1 Ma和243.0±1.2 Ma,表明岩体形成于中三叠世早期。石英闪长岩和花岗闪长岩为准铝质高钾钙碱性系列,暗色微粒包体为高钾钙碱性—钾玄岩系列,稀土元素配分曲线均具有轻重稀土明显分异的右倾特征,具弱负Eu异常(δEu=0.65~0.83),富集大离子亲石元素(Cs、Rb、Th、K)和Pb,亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti)和P、Ba负异常。岩相学和岩石地球化学特征指示黑马河花岗杂岩体具壳幔岩浆混合特征,形成于活动大陆边缘的俯冲环境,石英闪长岩为受俯冲流体交代的地幔楔部分熔融产生的基性岩浆演化的产物,花岗闪长岩则源自壳源岩浆与少量幔源岩浆的混合。黑马河花岗杂岩体是中三叠世早期宗务隆洋向南俯冲消减的岩浆记录。  相似文献   

南羌塘盆地中-新生代逆冲推覆构造样式及构造应力场特征          下载免费PDF全文

李正友薛灵文王世锋王 刚彭成名侯  芸段磊 《地质科学》2017,(3):783-800

新生代印度板块与欧亚板块的持续碰撞挤压,造成南羌塘地块向南逆冲于拉萨地块之上,并在南羌塘地块内部形成了一系列的由北往南的逆冲推覆构造。然而,到目前为止,我们对这些逆冲推覆构造及夹持其间的褶皱变形的结构组成、构造样式、形成时代以及缩短量分布等问题仍存在很大的争议。本文在详细的野外调查基础上,对赛布错-扎加藏布断裂（SZT）,多玛-其香错断裂（DQT）,隆鄂尼褶断带（LF）及南羌塘与中央隆起带分界的肖查卡-双湖断裂（XST）进行了几何学、运动学分析,建立了精细的构造框架。我们认为这些断裂为始新世以来形成的同时期的叠瓦状逆冲推覆;并通过野外褶皱形态,结合层面、节理面、断层面滑动矢量的分析,识别出南羌塘盆地4期构造应力场：1） 代表中特提斯俯冲碰撞阶段的近S-N 向的挤压;2） 中特提斯碰撞后,随着班公湖-怒江缝合带的形成,南羌塘地区构造应力场转为S-N 向的伸展;3） 新生代印度板块向欧亚板块俯冲碰撞,青藏高原进入陆内变形阶段,南羌塘盆地内表现为NE-SW 向的挤压,形成本文提及的一系列逆冲推覆构造;4） 随着高原的持续隆升,约14 Ma南北向裂谷开始活动,应力场转为NWW-SEE 向伸展,形成双湖裂谷系。  相似文献   

Application of low-pressure gas adsorption to nanopore structure characterisation of organic-rich lower Cambrian shale in the Upper Yangtze Platform,South China     

L. Chen  K. Liu  P. Wang  F. Gao  T. Hu 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2017,64(5):653-665

The pores in shales are mainly on a nanometer scale, and the pore-size distribution is vital with regard to the preservation and exploitation of shale gas. This study focuses on the organic-rich lower Cambrian black shale in the Upper Yangtze Platform, South China and investigates their TOC, mineralogical composition and nanopore structure. Low-pressure N₂ and CO₂ adsorption experiments were conducted at 77.35 K and 273.15 K, respectively, and the nanopore structures were characterised by the modified Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, Dubinin–Radushkevich, t-plot, Barrett–Joyner–Halenda and density functional theory (DFT) methods. The results indicate the following. (1) The lower Cambrian shale has a high TOC content (1.77–7.23 wt%) and a high quartz content (27.7–51.6 vol%). The total specific surface area varies from 12.02 to 28.87 m²/g. Both the total specific surface area and quartz content are positively associated with the TOC content. (2) Shale samples with a higher TOC content have a greater number of micropores, resulting in more complicated nanopore structures. Micropore volumes/surface areas and non-micropore surface areas all increase with increasing TOC content, indicating that TOC is the key factor determining the nanopore structure of the lower Cambrian shale. (3) A combination of N₂ and CO₂ adsorption provides the most suitable detection range (～0.3–60 nm) and is both highly reliable and accurate with regard to nanopore structure characterisation.  相似文献   

基于多源空间数据的地质灾害监测预警系统研究——以云南省德钦县为例     

赵俊三  柯尊杰  陈国平  袁磊  谷苗  王涛 《地理信息世界》2017,24(3)

三维激光扫描、合成孔径雷达干涉(InSAR)、全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)、无人机及物联网等新技术为测绘、监测以及早期预警系统(EWS)提供了更丰富的数据源。本文基于上述技术,设计提出了一种针对滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害监测预警系统(GDMEWS)的解决方案。介绍了地质灾害监测预警系统复杂多变的特点,对系统的体系结构、多源空间数据库组成、开发模式、业务逻辑、系统开发的方法及关键技术进行了分析。论文以具有独特的地形地貌、滑坡和泥石流类型众多、典型多样的德钦县为案例区,探讨GDMEWS的体系机构及关键技术。首先,对系统的功能要求,监测及预测模型等进行了讨论;其次,研究了灾前预警、灾中抢险、灾后重建全过程的逻辑关系,开发防灾减灾和地质灾害管理支持工具;再次,阐述了多源监测数据集成方法和地质灾害机理模型的建立。最后,对GDMEWS的研发实现进行了阐述,并说明其在德钦县地灾的全过程实时动态管理、监测和预警中的应用。  相似文献   

Combined adaptive multiple subtraction based on optimized event tracing and extended wiener filtering     

Jun Tan  Peng Song  Jinshan Li  Lei Wang  Mengxuan Zhong  Xiaobo Zhang 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2017,16(3):411-421

The surface-related multiple elimination (SRME) method is based on feedback formulation and has become one of the most preferred multiple suppression methods used. However, some differences are apparent between the predicted multiples and those in the source seismic records, which may result in conventional adaptive multiple subtraction methods being barely able to effectively suppress multiples in actual production. This paper introduces a combined adaptive multiple attenuation method based on the optimized event tracing technique and extended Wiener filtering. The method firstly uses multiple records predicted by SRME to generate a multiple velocity spectrum, then separates the original record to an approximate primary record and an approximate multiple record by applying the optimized event tracing method and short-time window FK filtering method. After applying the extended Wiener filtering method, residual multiples in the approximate primary record can then be eliminated and the damaged primary can be restored from the approximate multiple record. This method combines the advantages of multiple elimination based on the optimized event tracing method and the extended Wiener filtering technique. It is an ideal method for suppressing typical hyperbolic and other types of multiples, with the advantage of minimizing damage of the primary. Synthetic and field data tests show that this method produces better multiple elimination results than the traditional multi-channel Wiener filter method and is more suitable for multiple elimination in complicated geological areas.  相似文献   

耕地资源数量变化与城镇化水平协同性关系研究——以合肥市为例     

余洋  梁宇生  张志鹏  田磊  何培雍  亓国涛 《国土资源导刊(湖南)》2017,14(1)

城镇化是衡量一个国家和地区工业化和现代化的重要标志,是实现区域社会经济增长、促进地区和谐发展的战略决策。随着城镇化水平的不断提升,合肥市耕地非农化速度过快、耕地资源数量大幅降低等现实问题凸显,导致城镇化发展与耕地保护之间的关系日趋复杂,进一步加剧了社会经济发展与耕地资源保护二者之间的矛盾。适时开展耕地资源数量变化与城镇化协同性关系研究,深入挖掘城镇化过程中耕地资源数量变化的内在规律,对于妥善处理经济发展与耕地保护、持续推动区域新型城镇化建设具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。  相似文献   

A new record of ponyfish <Emphasis Type="Italic">Deveximentum megalolepis</Emphasis> (Perciformes: Leiognathidae) in Beibu Gulf of China     

Yuman Ju  Na Song  Guobao Chen  Dianrong Sun  Zhiqiang Han  Tianxiang Gao 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2017,16(3):468-472

A new record ponyfish, Deveximentum megalolepis Mochizuki and Hayashi, 1989, was documented based on its morphological characteristics and DNA barcode. Fifty specimens were collected from Beibu Gulf of China and identified as D. megalolepis by morphological characterization. The coloration, meristic traits, and morphometric measurements were consistent with previously published records. In general, it is a silver-white, laterally compressed and deep bodied ponyfish with 6–9 rows of scales on cheek; scale rows above lateral line 6–8; scale rows below lateral line 14–17. Mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I subunit (COI) gene fragment was sequenced for phylogenetic analysis. There is no sequence variation of COI gene between the specimens collected in this study. The genetic distances between D. megalolepis and other congeneric species range from 3.6% to 14.0%, which were greater than the threshold for fish species delimitation. The COI sequence analysis also supported the validity of D. megalolepis at genetic level. However, the genetic distance between Chinese and Philippine individuals was about 1.2% and they formed two lineages in gene tree, which may be caused by the geographical distance.  相似文献   

附加GIM约束的全球电离层建模     

刘磊  姚宜斌  孔建  翟长治 《大地测量与地球动力学》2017,37(1):67-71

针对目前地基GNSS台站在全球分布不均匀,导致南半球海洋和中高纬地区出现与实际不符的VTEC为负值的问题,利用IGS前1 d的最终GIM作为虚拟观测值对TEC可能为负值的地区进行约束,结合GNSS数据建立全球电离层模型(称为SGG模型),并用2014年200多个IGS台站数据对模型进行验证。结果表明,各台站VTEC的RMS优于3 TECu(赤道异常区域RMS在5~7 TECu)。同时SGG能有效消除南半球海洋(40°~90°S)VTEC为负的情况,且对原有非负VTEC几乎没有影响(其变化小于2 TECu)。SGG的卫星DCB与CODE 相比,RMS和MEAN分别优于0.2 ns和0.04 ns,不同纬度带SGG与CODE的接收机DCB估值变化基本一致,两者之差基本在1 ns以内。  相似文献   

一种改进的计数型TDC设计及实现     

王磊  郭唐永  庞聪 《大地测量与地球动力学》2017,37(9):987-990

基于常规计数型TDC设计思想,通过FPGA芯片的内部PLL延迟相位技术和内部资源构建延迟链改进常规计数型TDC,时间间隔测量精度可达200 ps。该方法对激光测距、三维激光扫描仪、绝对重力仪等仪器中精密时间测量系统的研究具有实际意义。  相似文献